{"id":131,"date":"2023-06-21T16:33:39","date_gmt":"2023-06-21T07:33:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tech.itdesk.co.kr\/?p=131"},"modified":"2023-06-21T16:34:48","modified_gmt":"2023-06-21T07:34:48","slug":"inode-file-descriptors-%ec%84%a4%eb%aa%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iwgh.duckdns.org\/?p=131","title":{"rendered":"inode \/ file descriptors \uc124\uba85"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

**inode<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc778\ub371\uc2a4 \ub178\ub4dc\uc758 \uc904\uc784\ub9d0\ub85c \ud30c\uc77c\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c(ex. ext4, NTFS, XFS, vxfs)\ub4f1\uc5d0\uc11c \ud30c\uc77c \ub610\ub294 \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uba54\ud0c0\ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc800\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uad6c\uc870.
inode\uc5d0\ub294 \ud30c\uc77c\uc758 \ud06c\uae30, \uad8c\ud55c, \uc18c\uc720\uad8c, \ud0c0\uc784\uc2a4\ud15c\ud504(\uc0dd\uc131, \uc218\uc815, \uc5d1\uc138\uc2a4), \ud30c\uc77c\ub370\uc774\ud130\uac00 \uc800\uc7a5\ub41c \ub370\uc774\ud130\ube14\ub7ed\uc758 \uc704\uce58(\ud3ec\uc778\ud130)<\/strong> \uc815\ubcf4\uac00 \ud3ec\ud568\ub428.

\ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \ud30c\uc77c\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc5d0\uc11c inode\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uba70 \uc2e4\uc81c \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub300\uc2e0 \uba54\ud0c0\ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc800\uc7a5\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c\uc11c \ud30c\uc77c\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc758 \ud6a8\uc728\uc801\uc778 \uc0ac\uc6a9
\uc2a4\ub0c5\uc0f7, \ud558\ub4dc\ub9c1\ud06c, \ud6a8\uc728\uc801\uc778 \uac80\uc0c9 \ub4f1\uc774 \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\ub2e4.
=> \uc2e4\uc81c \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uac80\uc0c9\ud558\ub294 \uac83\ubcf4\ub2e4 inode\ub9cc\uc744 \uac80\uc0c9\ud558\uc5ec, inode\uc5d0\uc11c \ub370\uc774\ud130\ube14\ub7ed\uc758 \uc704\uce58\ub9cc \ucc38\uc870\ud558\uc5ec \uac00\ub2a5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

inode\uc758 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc774 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc6b4\uc601\uc0c1 \uc54c\uc544\uc57c \ud560 \ud2b9\uc9d5.
– \ud06c\uae30\uac00 \uc81c\ud55c\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4. \uac01 \ud30c\uc77c\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c \ubcc4\ub85c \ub2e4\ub974\uc9c0\ub9cc inode\uc5d0 \ud560\ub2f9\ub41c \ud06c\uae30\uac00 \ub2e4\ub984, \uc774\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc5ec\ub7ec Max\uac12\ub4e4\uc774 \uc815\ud574\uc9d0.
\ub610\ud55c inode\ube14\ub7ed\uc5d0 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uac00 \uac00\ub4dd\ucc28\uba74 \uc5ec\uc720\uacf5\uac04\uc774 \uc788\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc4f0\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud568.
– inode\uac00 \ub3d9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc870\uc815\ub418\ub294 \ud30c\uc77c\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\ub3c4 \uc788\uc74c.
# df -i \uba85\ub839\uc5b4\ub85c \ud655\uc778 \uac00\ub2a5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\ud30c\uc77c\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c \ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c inode\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c \uad6c\uc870\ub294 \uc544\ub798 \uadf8\ub9bc\uc744 \ucc38\uc870.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

“\/’\uc758 inode\uc5d0\uc11c \ub370\uc774\ud130\ube14\ub7ed \ud3ec\uc778\ud130\ub294 “\/”\uc544\ub798 \ud30c\uc77c \ubc0f \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc788\uc74c.
\uadf8\ub9bc\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc98\ub7fc “\/foo\/File.txt”\ub77c\ub294 \ud30c\uc77c\uc744 \ucc3c\uae30 \uc704\ud574 “\/” inode \ub370\uc774\ud130\ube14\ub7ed \ud3ec\uc778\ud130\uc5d0\uc11c \/foo \ud56d\ubaa9\uc744 \ucc3c\uc544\uc11c \uac00\uba74 “\/foo”\uc758 inode \uc704\uce58\uac00 \uc788\uc74c.
\ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\ub85c “\/foo”\uc758 inode \ud3ec\uc778\ud130\uc815\ubcf4\uc5d0\uc11c “File.txt”\uc758 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ucc3c\uc544 \ud574\ub2f9 inode\ub97c \ucc3c\uc544\uac00\uba74 “File.txt”\uc758 inode \ub370\uc774\ud130\ube14\ub7ed\ud3ec\uc778\ud130\uc5d0 \uc2e4\uc81c \ub370\uc774\ud130\uac00 \uae30\ub85d\ub41c \ub514\uc2a4\ud06c\uc758 \ube14\ub7ed\uc8fc\uc18c\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


“\/foo\/File.txt” \ub77c\ub294 \ud30c\uc77c\uc744 \uc77d\uae30\uc704\ud574 “\/” inode -> “\/foo”\uc758 inode -> “\/foo\/File.txt”\uc758 inode \uae4c\uc9c0 \uc77d\uc5b4\uc11c \uc2e4\uc81c \ub370\uc774\ud130\uac00 \ub2f4\uae40 block \uc8fc\uc18c\ub97c \ucc3c\uc544 \uc2e4\uc81c \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc77d\uc74c. \ud30c\uc77c\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\ub9c8\ub2e4 \uc870\uae08\uc529 \ub2e4\ub974\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc5ec\ub7ec \ub5a8\uc5b4\uc9c4 \ube14\ub7ed\uc5d0 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uac00 \uc800\uc7a5\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4\uba74 \uc2e4\uc81c \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ube14\ub7ed\uc5d0 \ub2e4\uc74c \ub370\uc774\ud130\uac00 \ub2f4\uae40 \ube14\ub7ed\uc774 \ud3ec\uc778\ud130 \uc8fc\uc18c\uae4c\uc9c0 \uae30\ub85d\ub418\uc5b4 \uc21c\ucc28\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc77d\uac8c \ub428.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

**file descriptors<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud30c\uc77c \ub514\uc2a4\ud06c\ub9bd\ud130\ub294 \ucef4\ud4e8\ud130 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5f4\ub824 \uc788\ub294 \ud30c\uc77c \ub610\ub294 \uc785\/\ucd9c\ub825(I\/O) \ub9ac\uc18c\uc2a4\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ub294 \uace0\uc720 \uc2dd\ubcc4\uc790\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b4\uc601 \uccb4\uc81c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5f4\ub824 \uc788\ub294 \ud30c\uc77c\uc744 \ucd94\uc801\ud558\uace0 \ud574\ub2f9 \ud30c\uc77c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc77d\uae30 \ub610\ub294 \uc4f0\uae30\ub97c \uc6a9\uc774\ud558\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.
\ud30c\uc77c \ub514\uc2a4\ud06c\ub9bd\ud130\ub294 \ub514\uc2a4\ud06c\uc758 \uc77c\ubc18 \ud30c\uc77c\ub85c \uc81c\ud55c\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \uc18c\ucf13, \ud30c\uc774\ud504 \ub610\ub294 \uc7a5\uce58\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ub2e4\ub978 I\/O \ub9ac\uc18c\uc2a4\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0bc \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4\uc758 \uac01 \uc5f4\ub9b0 \ud30c\uc77c \ub610\ub294 I\/O \ub9ac\uc18c\uc2a4\uc5d0\ub294 \uace0\uc720\ud55c \ud30c\uc77c \uc124\uba85\uc790\uac00 \ud560\ub2f9\ub418\uc5b4 \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4\uac00 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ub9ac\uc18c\uc2a4\uc640 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc0c1\ud638 \uc791\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.
# lsof -p pid_number \uba85\ub839\uc5b4\ub85c \ud655\uc778\uac00\ub2a5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \uac01 \ud589\uc758 “FD” \uc5f4\uc740 \ud30c\uc77c \ub514\uc2a4\ud06c\ub9bd\ud130\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0c5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \uccab \ubc88\uc9f8 \ud589\uc758 “FD” \uac12\uc740 “cwd”\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \ud604\uc7ac \uc791\uc5c5 \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ub294 \ub514\uc2a4\ud06c\ub9bd\ud130\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub450 \ubc88\uc9f8 \ud589\uc758 “FD” \uac12\uc740 “rtd”\uc774\uba70, \ub8e8\ud2b8 \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ub294 \ub514\uc2a4\ud06c\ub9bd\ud130\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ub610\ud55c, \ud30c\uc77c \ub514\uc2a4\ud06c\ub9bd\ud130\uc758 \uc885\ub958\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ub294 “TYPE” \uc5f4\uc5d0\ub294 \ud574\ub2f9 \ud30c\uc77c\uc774 \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac\uc778\uc9c0, \uc2e4\ud589 \ud30c\uc77c\uc778\uc9c0 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc815\ubcf4\uac00 \ud3ec\ud568\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. “TYPE” \uc5f4\uc758 \uac12\uc740 “CHR”\uc740 \ubb38\uc790 \uc7a5\uce58 \ud30c\uc77c\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\uba70, “REG”\ub294 \uc77c\ubc18 \ud30c\uc77c\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0c5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc774 \ucd9c\ub825\uc5d0\uc11c “FD” \uc5f4\uc740 0, 1, 2\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc22b\uc790\ub85c \ud45c\uc2dc<\/p>\n\n\n\n

# ls -l \/proc\/<PID>\/fd \uc704\uce58\uc5d0\uc11c file descriptors No \ubc0f link \ud655\uc778 \uac00\ub2a5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

**inode \uc778\ub371\uc2a4 \ub178\ub4dc\uc758 \uc904\uc784\ub9d0\ub85c \ud30c\uc77c\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c(ex. ext4, NTFS, XFS, vxfs)\ub4f1\uc5d0\uc11c \ud30c\uc77c \ub610\ub294 \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uba54\ud0c0\ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc800\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uad6c\uc870.inode\uc5d0\ub294 \ud30c\uc77c\uc758 \ud06c\uae30, \uad8c\ud55c, \uc18c\uc720\uad8c, \ud0c0\uc784\uc2a4\ud15c\ud504(\uc0dd\uc131, \uc218\uc815, \uc5d1\uc138\uc2a4), \ud30c\uc77c\ub370\uc774\ud130\uac00 \uc800\uc7a5\ub41c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":135,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[23,20,21,22,19,11],"class_list":["post-131","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tech","tag-file","tag-file-descritpors","tag-file-system","tag-information","tag-inode","tag-linux"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwgh.duckdns.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/131","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwgh.duckdns.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwgh.duckdns.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwgh.duckdns.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwgh.duckdns.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=131"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/iwgh.duckdns.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/131\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":136,"href":"https:\/\/iwgh.duckdns.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/131\/revisions\/136"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwgh.duckdns.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/135"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwgh.duckdns.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=131"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwgh.duckdns.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=131"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwgh.duckdns.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=131"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}